Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gum tissue and the bone that supports the teeth. The disease begins when the irritants in plaque begin to irritate and inflame the gum tissues. The body’s immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and the infection grows. The bacteria and the toxins they produce cause the gums to become inflamed and bleed.
Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and because it is virtually pain-free in its initial stages, many patients do not know they have the disease until it is too late. Early detection and treatment of periodontal disease are extremely important.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gum disease has two stages - gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the mildest and most common form of gum disease. Gingivitis occurs when plaque is allowed to build up along the gum line. Gingivitis can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing and regular dental cleanings. Gingivitis left untreated can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. Gum disease has also been linked to systemic health conditions.
The early stages of periodontal disease are typically marked by red, swollen gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing. As the disease progresses, patients may experience persistent bad breath, gums that are pulled away from the teeth, and loose or shifting teeth.
What Are The Signs And Symptoms of Periodontal Disease?
The signs and symptoms of periodontal disease include:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen, tender gums
- Receding gums
- Pus around the teeth and gums
- Bad breath
- Changes in how your teeth fit together when biting
- Loose teeth
If left untreated, the gums separate from the teeth and form pockets that fill with infection, pus, and bacteria. The bacteria from this infection can travel to other parts of the body, causing or contributing to other illnesses.
What Causes Periodontal Disease?
Many factors and conditions can put you at higher risk for developing periodontal disease. The risk factors for periodontal disease include:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Genetics
- Stress
- Certain medications
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy
- Systemic diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease
How Is Periodontal Disease Treated?
Treatment for periodontal disease depends on how far the disease has progressed and what treatments are available. If the disease is caught early and no damage has been done, periodontal disease is usually easy to treat. Scaling and root planing can be effective in treating earlier stages of gum disease. It removes the plaque and tartar from the teeth and below the gum line. Then, the teeth are smoothed down to discourage further buildup. Antimicrobial medications such as Arestin® can also be administered after the procedure to kill bacteria. Scaling and root planing usually takes more than one treatment. After that, the antimicrobial medication may continue being administered.
If the disease is more advanced, treatment may include the following:
- Gum recontouring
- Periodontal plastic surgery
- Periodontal flap surgery
To learn more about the services offered at Tava Dentistry, call Dentist in Colorado CO at (719) 434-6630 or visit our dental office located at 320 E Fontanero St #302, Colorado Springs, CO 80907.
